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The Symbolism of Beloved

In Beloved, author Toni Morrison delves into the inescapable trauma of slavery, representing a specific period of violence and what that violence engraves within repressed memories and guilt that plagues survivors of enslavement. Beloved is the physical embodiment of Sethe’s deceased daughter whom she herself killed, attempting to “out-hurt the hurter”,  as an act of maternal instinct and love. In other words, she saved to keep her from the horrors of slavery, serving as a constant reminder of the horrific past Sethe so desperately tried to bury. Specifically speaking, when Beloved begins demanding Sethe to tell her about the past. Late in the novel, Beloved pressures Sethe to recount the story of her escape room Sweet Home but more importantly, the murder of her infant daughter. Sethe becomes trapped in a cycle of explaining, defending, and reliving this event; further claiming she feels she’s “owed” an explanation as to why. “You came back like a good girl.” Sethe says this directly to Beloved when she accepted her existence as the returned, almost silhouette-like, embodied spirit of her dead daughter. Additionally, (ranging from pages 160-180), Sethe begins to remember under the pressure of Beloved’s persistent questioning. Beloved repeatedly asks Sethe for stories from the past, eventually caving, telling her what she wanted to know. And at this moment, Sethe begins to truly accept Beloved as the reincarnated baby she killed—this acceptance is symbolism of Sethe not being able to avoid her past, but having to face it head-on, rather than burying it deeper. As Beloved’s questions grew, so did her suffocation of Sethe, leading her to, out of good consciousness, isolate herself from others to keep her possessiveness to a mitigation. This becomes more apparent when Denver notices the weight she’d been losing after keeping herself away from everyone for so long. Beloved’s symbolism is a reflection of how trauma consumes one’s present, overshadowed by the constructed mantra of “rememory” Morrison instilled later in the story. By doing this, they’re completely removing themselves from their present, exiling into the horrors of past trauma. So, in conclusion, Morrison uses Beloved as a symbol of past trauma, and how in order to overcome said-trauma, it must be faced, not secreted.

 

 

 

Beyond the Doorway: Displacement, Migration, Love, Loss, Hope

When living in a country far from regular/daily destruction it is easy to lose the grip of reality. We learn that the main characters Saeed and Nadia live somewhere based on the city Lahore, Pakistan. Although living 2 different lives before they met (Nadia who left her family to live on her own as an independent woman, Saeed a family man) we know the commonality is their city is in the middle of a war and it becomes dangerous to live there. Mohsin Hamid incorporates the magical door into the story as a gateway for people to instantly travel across the world. Back to what I said at the start when the reader puts 2 and 2 together these doors symbolize migration.

Moshin Hamid’s “Exit West” is not just a story about migration it is the exploration and navigation of love and connection during displacement. Through the main characters Nadia and Saeed we see the harsh realities many live through leaving their home and enduring the power of love in a world that’s constantly changing. The magical doors symbolize the unpredictable paths migrants take to go to unfamiliar and often unwelcoming places. “For when we migrate, we murder from our lives those we leave behind”(End of chapter 5).

Migration now especially with the political and economic state of the U.S right now is seen in the process. The book refers to armed militants/guards sending people back when going through the door could even kill them. “…the doors to richer destinations, were heavily guarded, but … the doors from poorer places, were mostly left unsecured”(106,chapter 6) Saeed ends up leaving his family to go through the door with Nadia just as many families leave behind their home, culture, and identity behind to go through for a better chance of survival. It is sad though because of how much SA Nadia had to go through as a woman even when she made herself look more intimidating and had safety precautions (face veil especially for Saeed when first met). Migrants aren’t just masses of people but individuals with unique stories and dreams searching for safety and a place to call home.

Nadia and Saeed’s love. They were good for each other in a way. Nadia was so used to her way being THE way that a lot of the things she did and said was questionable. They were opposites in things but some would argue that is why they were good for each other. Nadia’s key moments when it comes to their love was how often she would talk about wanting to have sex with Saeed even when he wasn’t comfortable to do so yet. Total opposites, Saeed family oriented, religious, Nadia independent spirit. Saeed sought comfort from religion and Nadia embraced new environments. Saeed was compromise to stay together and feel connected to their old lives while conflict arose. Initially their relationship was mutual and in recognition. Then the unfamiliar lands deepened their bond. However the pressures of survival and new freedom did test their freedom. They begin to clash. The separation, oh so bittersweet, they ended up with others just like them. From strangers to friends, friends into lovers, lovers to friends then strangers again.

I had to take a deep breathe when they didn’t meet anymore to discuss their lives. How could someone so important to a person at one point in time mean less at a different point. This story is beautiful in it’s way of teaching.

When the Past Won’t Stay Buried

In Toni Morrison’s Beloved, the past continues to influence the present, even when the characters make attempts to avoid it. Sethe tries moving ahead, but her memories keep coming back in powerful ways that continue to affect her everyday life. This seems evident when Morrison writes of how Sethe wants to “beat back the past” (73), showing that she would very much like to be in control of memories that simply will not stay down. The novel also shows how trauma follows through to the next generation. Denver grows up in silence, isolation, and the emotional burden that her mother carries. In these ways, Beloved shows that the past is not passive; instead, it makes a big impact on the lives of people for years after the event initially took place.

This theme strongly connects to the present. The long-lasting effects of racism still participate in modern-day discussions of inequality, education, and public memory. These long-standing problems show that history does not end but continues its effect into institutions and society. Morrison also says her characters in this novel depend on their community when the burden of their past becomes too much to deal with. Similarly, society often resorts to community action and public debate to face historical trauma. Beloved shows that a true understanding of the past is a necessary model to creating a more fair and truthful present.

A Manipulative Mother

Maria and Matthew were a cute couple. Although they had their differences,  their relationship allowed them to slowly heal and flourish through the feelings they had for each other. I couldn’t believe my eyes when Maria’s mother, Jean, got him drunk and laid him in Peg’s bed. The whole act of her setting up a scene for Maria to walk in on was so sick and bitter of her to do as a mother. This made me think about the impact motherly relationships can have on a child’s mindset and independence.

The conversation between Matthew and Maria’s mother right before he passed out  stuck out to me because she expressed her hate for her husband before he passed, but she also kicked Maria out because of the resentment from causing his passing. She says she thought Maria was a genius for eliminating him so quickly, but why treat her badly and emotionally neglect her? Also throughout the movie she constantly expressed disappointment in Maria for being pregnant, encouraging her to get an abortion, and was very opposed to Matthew and Maria being together. Jean’s actions made her seem like a hater, working to create a wedge between Maria and Matthew, along with her sister Peg. She was very controlling and manipulative towards Maria but I believe she thought she was doing what was best for Maria.

She never showed much affection throughout the movie, never offering Maria any kindness or support but instead working to control her decisions. After leading Maria to go upstairs she was surprised to receive a kiss on the cheek goodnight after seeing Peg and Matthew because she expected the complete opposite reaction. She assumed the betrayal would have a bigger reaction from Maria, as she intended for her to hurt and be angry about the situation. Not knowing how Maria would actually react, the gentle kiss on the cheek showed the vulnerability in the relationship between mother and daughter, and in that moment it showed Maria’s reaching out for comfort despite their distant relationship. After this moment the resentment Jean had towards Maria began to deteriorate and she was there to offer her comfort after her she’d gotten her abortion. Even after all of this Maria still chose to be with Matthew in what they thought were their last moments and the love they had for each other was still there.

Ultimately, Jeans actions were horrible but I do think she believed she was doing the best for Maria even if she had to hurt her first. Maria’s relationship with her mother slightly got better but in the end she still ran towards love, which proves that the power of a controlling parent over a child’s life is strong, but the child’s ability to build independence and emotional stability through experiences and choosing their own path is stronger.

Seeing in Color: Viewing of the Present and the Past

While reading Beloved by Toni Morrison, the motif of color and the importance it holds is something that stuck out to me. The importance of color, or more specifically the lack thereof, plays an important role in understanding the memories of the characters.

In Beloved, most of the time color is not used when describing settings in the present. In 1873 124, the slaughterhouse, or Sethe’s work are absent of color. It is in memories, specifically strong ones, where color is used to describe the scene and is prominent. Baby Sugg’s lavender, Paul D’s red heart, and Amy Denver’s velvet are all examples of prominent memories that are strengthened by color. 

The idea of color as a way to remember the past made me think of the idea that the past is often seen as lacking in color. Both literally such as in photographs but also in the sense that the past seems so distant to us that we don’t think about the significance it might still hold because it is not “coloring” our present. Slavery is often viewed as something of the past, something that is distant or not in color but Sethe and Paul D’s colorful memories about it serve as a reminder that traumatic events, such a slavery, still hold weight in the present. Color bridges characters’ pasts and presents, illustrating painful memories and serving as a powerful language. 

Are We Really a “Melting Pot”?

In the end of Exit West, Moshin Hamid paints a vivid picture of a multicultural world. In his reality, people blended their cultures together to create something new and beautifully complex. It reminded me of the cliche that “the US is a melting pot”– a phrase that was repeated throughout early education when describing the cultural landscape of the US. But the more I thought about this phrase, the less it made sense.

My first thoughts went back to the mass immigrations of Europeans to the US in the 19th and 20th centuries. The pattern seemed cyclical: every new group that came to the US — whether it was the Irish or Italians or Eastern European Jews — faced opposition. This illuminated a couple things about the core sentiments of the US. First, it shows the how feelings of anti popery (or crudely anti Catholicism), stemming from the creation of the US, were still prevalent. During the late 19th, the US saw the creation of a nativist party, the Know Nothings. These nativists sowed the fear of immigrants in Americans. For example, nativists claimed that the Pope was sending Catholics to come take over the US. They exploited peoples fear of unemployment by telling them that the immigrants were coming to take their jobs. Also, they would perpetuate stereotypes that immigrants were morally compromised, either being drunkards or uneducated. Bearing the brunt of these suspicions were the Irish and Italians who were most commonly Catholic, but Germans were tied at times as well.

Then, in the beginning of the 20th century, demographics of immigrants shifted from European Catholics to Eastern and Southern Europeans who were seeking alyssum from religious persecution and social instability. As the demographics shifted, so did the targets. Instead of the Pope’s plan to take over the US, nativists exploited Americans’ fears of socialism and communism by linking immigrants to the social unrest in Europe. They also utilized pseudoscience to prove the racial inferiority of these immigrants. The following period from 1924-1946 institutionalized anti immigration sentiments by enacting quotas on immigrants (Immigration Act of 1924). Specifically during the war period we see rising suspicions about immigrants culminating in Executive Order 9066 that removed Japanese immigrants and their families from their homes and relocated them to camps in the desert. There is a relative break away from anti immigration sentiments during the Cold War, most likely a manifestation of the geopolitical strategy of the US.

As I revisited these movements in history, I realized that the rhetoric used against immigrants barely changed. It also drew scary parallels between discussions had a century ago and those of today. Considering the continuing conversations and protest surrounding immigration from the past to the present, I find that the “melting pot” is an overly idealistic and romanticized view of the US.

Stability

It’s easy to avoid thinking or speaking on historical topics that are very cruel and violent, in this case slavery and racism leading to systematic and societal setbacks in the book Beloved, and as someone who has never worried about security in terms of a stable house or living situation, I find the characters of this book’s situations very eye-opening and horrible. Part I of the book focuses on 124 as the character’s home, and Baby Suggs tries to make it stable and a place of love, but due to many circumstances, for example and especially Beloved’s ghost, this task is almost impossible. Paul D’s arrival to the story and home seems to temporarily ease the tense and unstable energy of the home, but all in all it seems like as much as the characters try to make a “home”, the past keeps interrupting it. While 124 is Sethe and Denver’s house, they are constantly on edge; Denver feeling trapped and isolated and Sethe feeling constantly reminded of her traumatic past. Especially with Sethe living in multiple places and situations, I’m sure it is hard for her to truly feel like she’s “home” or safe anywhere. I feel like the story is expressing how you can try to build a stable life and home, but your past will always haunt you and hinder your ability to. This house, 124, was a big part of both of the girl’s lives, so it is familiar to them and stable in terms of being a constant location, but that doesn’t make it feel safe or stable overall.

Trust me

In the movie Trust, Maria and Matthew, the two main characters, feel alone and separated from everyone else around them. Matthew is stuck with his father as he keeps quitting every job he finds. Maria’s mother won’t forgive her for giving her father a heart attack. Their strict families always judge them and limit their freedom and choices, and they represent society, trying to force its own meaning on them, instead of letting them create it themselves. Until they both say no to the expectations that they fit into society.

As they form a relationship, their trust in each other becomes a choice that creates their own meaning. But it’s a risk they’re both willing to take; throughout the movie, they’re the only ones who listen and understand each other. Their relationship becomes an act of resistance and freedom towards the society that always finds itself against them. Although existentialism says that life has no meaning, their trust in each other is something they choose to give meaning. It gives them direction to their very lost lives. The ending of the movie, though, definitely conveys the reality of enforcing societal norms when Matthew goes to prison. It shows how well society defends the existential approach, and how hard it is to follow.

The Symbolism of Beloved

In Beloved, Beloved becomes a more and more prominent character. It’s clear that Toni Morrison wants Beloved to mean something to the readers rather than just a ghost in the story. Initially, when Beloved first came out of the water, I thought that it was a sort of fever dream from Sethe. The whole thing didn’t quite make sense, and the lack of description of her facial features led to a slightly otherworldly sense of what was happening. [Take all of this with a grain of salt, I’m only on page 166]. This also combines with when she plays with Sethe in the shack or pantry, and Sethe sees just emptiness for her face. When I put these two descriptions together and some other scenes where she appears I feel she’s some sort of parasite. Not a literal parasite, but a symbol of grief. In the way that she has taken over the home and has had malicious intent towards everyone in it. Painful experiences are often intentionally suppressed by people, and they try to fill their minds with other things. However, other experiences and feelings can resurface when triggered by something. There a very clear example in this book when Beloved approaches Paul D in the shack. There the book states that his “tobacco can” or “tin can,” the rust fell off, and everything came back. That is why we get tangents of him from sweet home and escaping slavery with the Hi Man.

Should Nadia and Saeed Have Stayed Together?

There are many factors to consider when deciding to stay together versus let the other go. Some important things for them to consider in their situation were not just their values or outlook on the future, but also safety and the ability to survive and live as comfortably as possible. I don’t think they should have stayed together because it was evident that many of their values and goals in life didn’t align. But staying together seemed to be the better option for both of them. It is safest to be with someone you know, which allows them to look out for and take care of each other. They each had their strengths and different connections they could utilise. Using their combined resources, it would be much easier to survive and create a more stable living space. Also, being with someone you trust in such trying times provides so much comfort and fights the loneliness they each must have felt as they left their homes behind. Staying together was certainly the most practical option, but at what cost? 

First of all, their values didn’t align. Saeed greatly valued his religion and felt very deeply connected to his nationality. He prayed every day and relied on his faith to guide him through the struggles he faced alongside Nadia. However, Nadia was not religious and never prayed with him. She was never disrespectful about it; she simply didn’t value religion the same way that Saeed did. When Saeed wanted to sacrifice some of their comfort of living in their own room in the Nigerian house to move into a house of people from their own country, Nadia refused. This demonstrates Saeed’s deep connection to his people and how he would give up his comfort to revive his relationship with his culture. Conversely, this demonstrates how Nadia doesn’t value their culture in the same way and would choose the comfort of their own room over joining a community of people from their culture. Nadia dresses very traditionally, in a very modest, long black robe every day. However, she doesn’t justify this in reference to its cultural significance or as a religious regulation, but as simply something she does for herself or to protect herself from men. Saeed critiques how she refuses to align herself with their religion or culture, showing a clear disparity in their values. 

Additionally, Saeed seeks familiarity, comfort, and the establishment of a more stable life. In contrast, Nadia seeks a new life and a new future for herself. This disparity in their ways of life and outlook on the future affects how they move forward. Nadia is eager to keep moving and find new things, while in every place they visit, Saeed tries to make it feel like home. This clear difference in their characters demonstrates their incompatibility as they don’t want the same life. They cannot create a life together that satisfies each of their wants and needs. Therefore, I think it was for the best that they broke up, allowing them to move in different directions. 

Meursault and Morality

Something I found incredibly interesting throughout the novel was the development of Meursault’s complex character and his unique set of morals, or lack thereof. This greatly contributes to his unexpected actions and the absurdity of his character. 

Meursault doesn’t have a developed sense of right and wrong, and any stance he took was weak and often inconsistent. He seems to lack a moral compass and instead bases his actions on truth and his genuine reaction to the situations he is in. Many of his actions lack a deeper meaning or ulterior motive and sometimes even contradict what one might expect. He didn’t express any grief at his mother’s funeral because he truthfully felt indifferent to her death. He didn’t mean it to show any disrespect or resentment towards her, but it was definitely an out-of-the-ordinary response to the death of one’s mother. This contradicts many societal expectations that one would usually be distraught or mournful. Later in the book, throughout his prosecution, the prosecutor uses this apathy to highlight the threat he poses to their society. The prosecutor argued that since he didn’t properly react to his mother’s death, he was a dangerous psychopath with no regard for the value of human life. I believe that Meursault thought there was no meaning of life for him to pursue, and concluded that his actions throughout his life were also meaningless in the grand scheme of existence. So, he acted freely and outside of right versus wrong, and therefore didn’t fit society’s expectations for citizens. 

However, he also often allowed others to influence his beliefs and values, as he changed his views the second someone disagreed with him. I don’t think he changed his views to fit in more with society; he did it simply because he didn’t care enough to defend his stance. When he was first asked to write a letter to his friend’s ex-girlfriend to get her to come back to him so he could get revenge, he immediately said no. However, after some persuading and justification, Meurault was convinced and agreed to do it. He bent his own view of the right thing to do in this situation to align with his friends’ views. He didn’t try to defend why he wouldn’t do it originally, he never questioned his friend’s motives, and didn’t seem to care what came of it. His apathy allows him to take on the morals of others despite never believing in them himself.   

Rooted in Perspective: How Sethe and Paul D view trees

Throughout Beloved, nature, especially trees, appears frequently, but for Sethe and Paul D, they have different meanings behind them.

For Sethe, trees remind her of the horrors of Sweet Home that continue to haunt her. The tree-like scar on her back, even though she cannot see it, is a permanent reminder of the exploitation she endured as a Sweet Home slave—one that continues to grow, like branches of a tree, as her memories continue to torment her over time. It symbolizes both pain and resilience, reflecting the scars of her past and the physical and emotional wounds of her history as a slave.

In contrast, Paul D views trees through a more positive lens, seeing them as a place of solace and beauty, evoking fond memories of freedom and connection to the natural world. For Paul D, nature is a source of comfort. He fondly recalls the trees at Sweet Home, even going as far as to say, “Sweet Home had more pretty trees than any farm around” (25). The Sweet Home men would even gather around a tree, named Brother by Paul D, to cook food and spend time together. Paul D’s perception of trees becomes especially clear when Sethe and Paul D are in bed; Paul D can for a second time see Sethe’s scarred back: “Maybe shaped like one, but nothing like any tree he knew because trees were inviting; things you could trust and be near; talk to if you wanted to as he frequently did since way back when he took the midday meal in the fields of Sweet Home” (25). He then even goes as far as to call her back a “revolting clump of scars” (25). For Paul D, he is unable to see Sethe’s scarred back as a tree because his memories and conception of trees are positive and happy.

Therefore, I believe Sethe and Paul D’s differing perspectives on trees illustrate how our personal experiences with trauma shape our worldview.

What the doors really are “Exit West”

The imagery of the door in exist west are repeated multiple times. Hammid talks about them being complete darkness, people crawling out exhausted, unsure of whats on the end. But yet they are still willing to walk through. Rather than a magical door, I think Hamid is really just using these to express what real-world immigration looks like for those seeking asylum. People may give massive amounts of money, like as seen in the agent, to someone they do not know, purely out of hope that they can trust them. They are smuggled around in precarious situations and horrible conditions simply for the chance at a better life. As seen in those border x rays were people sew themelves into car seats, lay down in oil tanks, and go to great measure simply for a chance. And many times when they finally make it out, they arent greeted wth the amazing world they think of. This is clearly emphasized in the rest of the novel.

Haunted By The Past

A big idea that has resurfaced for me through my reading of Beloved by Toni Morrison has been how psychological trauma continues to radiate in our lives, even if the traumatic event is over.

Sethe’s traumas from the past don’t just disappear, even if she escaped from the plantation she was sold to. Her traumas linger and consistently pop up in her daily life (shown through countless flashbacks), regardless of her “freedom.” So, is she truly free?

Free from the long days and nights at Sweet Home, sure, but not free from her aches of the psychological trauma that came with it. The memories of what Sethe endured continue to haunt her, shaping how she thinks, acts, and gives and receives love. Every interaction she has with Denver, or Paul D, or even Beloved, is an interaction dulled by her suffering.

The flashbacks that Sethe frequently try to suppress only make the memories stronger. What might this say about our own lives? In my opinion, it shows us that the more we try to bury our trauma, the more it will take over out lives. As I continue reading, I wonder how might Sethe’s recurring memories of her enslavement and the supernatural feel of the book tie into her life.

Morrison beautifully demonstrates that trauma does not simply end when physical freedom is gained, but is carried with you for the rest of your life.

In my opinion, Beloved,  (the book itself), serves as a jarring reminder that as much as slavery may be overlooked, we as a society must remind ourselves of the immense pain people went through beyond the physical aspects.

Difficult Journeys

In Beloved, there has been a motif of feet, specifically Sethe’s. Throughout the book, when her feet are mentioned, it is almost always about soreness or pain. A key example I think is worth pointing out is when Sethe is escaping and Amy is helping heal her feet. For instance, when Amy is massaging Sethe’s feet she tells her that “it’s gonna hurt now” and that “anything dead coming back to life hurts”(42). To me, this highlights how Sethe’s feet represent her trauma from the past and her experiences at Sweet Home. I think her feet can also symbolize journeys as she is physically escaping but also starting a whole new emotional journey with freedom and Denver.

Although it is mostly Sethe’s feet being mentioned there are a few other instances when it is not about her. For example, in the novel feet are mentioned again when we learn about Baby Suggs and her preaching. Baby Suggs tells the people at the Clearing that they are “flesh that dances on bare feet in grass”(103). Meaning that feet can also represent freedom. Many of the enslaved people had to deal with the loss of their humanity and their feet are a way for them to feel free and have control in their lives. When they are using their feet it is almost a way for them to celebrate the brutal struggles they are facing.

 

 

I Hated Trust

I am a big fan of indie music. I love Del Water Gap,
Gregory Alan Isakov, and Caamp. So I was excited to watch an actual indie film, thinking that maybe my love of indie music would transfer to indie film. As it turns out, I was greatly disappointed.

The short film, Trust by Hal Hartley not only put me straight to sleep for a whole class period, but made me feel almost in a strange, dreamlike state. The odd camera angles and drab colors emphasized this sleepwalking feeling I had the entire movie, like I wasn’t quite awake and everything just felt off. And maybe that was the point (the dreamlike state, not the falling asleep part) but I didn’t like that feeling.

I loved the absurdity of The Stranger and how the whole novel felt wild, but also reflective of humanity at its essence. I felt like Trust tried to emulate this and failed.

The whole movie was more confusing than it was absurd. What was with the grenade? Why did Maria continue to wear that dress every single day? What was the whole plot about the missing baby? Or the mom trying to set Matthew up with her older daughter? Why let a random 30 year old that your daughter brought home sleep in your house anyway?

And maybe all of those instances were meant to reflect the absurdity of life, of Maria’s and Matthew’s lives, but they felt misplaced, and as a result the whole film felt off.

I can appreciate what Hartley was getting at, but I certainly did not like it. Maybe with another (full) watch through I could at least understand it.

Saeed and Traditionalism in Exit West

Throughout the book Exit West, Saeed maintains an incredibly complicated relationship with his homeland. At the start of the book he seems uncommitted to his culture and faith, only loosely following due to his parents religious beliefs. However, the further Saeed migrates from his country, the closer his connection to its beliefs become.

This becomes incredibly clear in Britain, when Saeed and Nadia live within the Nigerian house in London. While Nadia embraces the new people surrounding her, Saeed instead finds his own people from his country, fleeing to their house repeatedly to engage in prayer and simply converse. While some may claim this is just a shield Saeed is putting up to keep himself safe from a changing world, I think his return to tradition is a sign of his own independence. Throughout their migration, Nadia is attempting the entire time to isolate herself from their homeland. By taking up traditions only maintained back at home, Saeed demonstrates his own personal independence in choosing to revere the culture that raised him.

Is Beloved just Black and White?

There’s been recurring motifs on color throughout Beloved: the white stairs, the orange squares on the blanket, red, etc. However, much of the time, it seems to be in relation to a lack of color, and the subsequent craving of color that follows. For example, the only color Baby Suggs was able to experience was the orange squares on the blanket, leading her to crave more color.

Much of the time, when someone describes something as “black and white”, its taken as being very literal, either right or wrong. I think this can also be applied to Beloved, specifically Sweet Home and Paul and Sethe’s experience there as slaves. We’re told that in Sweet Home, they were treated with a certain degree of kindness, not beaten under the control of the Garners. In fact, Mr. Garner essentially bragged to the other slave owners that his slaves were “men” while they spoke about how a slave could never be a real person. I think, through the lack of color, Morrison was attempting to depict how despite the fact that yes, the Sweet Home Men and Sethe were treated kindly on the plantation, they were still slaves. Just because they were treated with kindness does not take away from the fact that the Garners were still slaves owners. Kindness is a basic human right, and to consider how treating a slave as a human was seen as outlandish reveals how black and white the mindset is: there is no “good” slave owner, only those who owned slaves and those who didn’t.

However, in relation to Sethe and Paul, there seems to be more. While they originally are determined to hide away from there memories, through their shared experiences/trauma, it seems that they have become more willing to open up about their past. I believe that Beloved has made them able to see more than just the horrors of their past, but she has allowed them to take those traumas and use it in the present, strengthening their relationship and each other as a result. In this sense, I find the use of color really interesting: that slavery may be seen as black and white, but the experiences of slavery allow for someone to be more than their past, allowing them to think past black and white.

Growing Apart

I think the idea of Nadia vs. Saeed in their respective ability to handle change, and their separation, has a lot to do with how much they appreciated their previous lives. Saeed remains connected to his home country because he enjoyed his life, and misses his loving family, where Nadia almost welcomes change since she doesn’t especially like her parents, although she is still curious about their wellbeing, and associates their home country with her bad experiences in that country. Because of this Nadia had no problems in adapting to the new circumstances, while Saeed struggled to accept his new life fully, leading to him experiencing a lot of stress to the point of bitterness. This discrepancy is also what ultimately leads to them growing apart.

Saeed remains attached to his family, prayer being the medium, while Nadia seeks new companions and bond in the new environment they find themselves in. Nadia quickly becomes friends with all kinds of people without bias, while Saeed still seeks the people from his homeland. For example, when the both of them are living in London in the rich family’s house, Saeed finds and talks to some people from his country, whom offer him a stay in their house under worse conditions from what they were living in at the time. Yet, he still asks Nadia to move into the house, not even recognizing that she might not want to until she brings it up. This and other events in that house is what started to separate the two characters, where they first fond they no longer longed for each other and where they first found they opinions in conflict, because one wanted to start a new life while the other wanted his old one back.

The Gender Roles Between Saeed and Nadia’s Characters

In Exit West, by Mohsin Hamid, Saeed and Nadia are constantly changing throughout the story. At first, Nadia and Saeed appear to be two people who are just getting to know each other, Saeed being more timid around Nadia while Nadia is more in her own element, focusing on how to become her own independent woman.

Throughout the story, although they remain close to each other, we see Nadia conform to the roles of the stereotypical woman at the time, someone who relies on a man to support her. However, it is quite the opposite, when Nadia and Saeed are stranded, we see the stress of the situation get to Saeed, Saeed becomes bitter, a quality of which has never been attributed to him before. Resulting in Nadia having to take charge of their situation, she set up camp, she negotiated for their food, she reached help on the phone faster than Saeed did. As the story went on, Nadia got closer and closer to her goals of becoming independent, while also growing farther and farther away from Saeed, almost refuting the gender roles in place at their time.

The Power of The Sun

in the book The Stranger, Albert Camus brings the sun to life and makes it the main antagonist of the story. any time the main character Meursault is forced to deal with a serious situation a looming prescience of the sun, and its heat is always there. a great example is at the very start of the book when Meursault is dealing with the death of his mother, and despite his very calm state he is in the only thing that seems to bother him at the time is the heat. i feel like seeing such an odd fixation on the sun and the heat around him adds onto Meursaults overall mysteriousness. it only seems to affect him in situations where anyone else would be feeling strong emotions like fear, sadness, anxiety, but for some reason he just feels the sun. another example of him mentioning the sun during a emotion provoking time is when his group is being attacked by the Arabs, in almost every sentence he mentions the heat of the sun while they are at the beach. in such a tense moment where he is watching the people he is fond of fight for their lives, he is concerned about how the sun is hitting him. Meursaults point of view of the sun is almost as if he sees it as the antagonist of the story. he portrays it as strong and very hot for him, and never mentions anyone physical in these ways.

Beloved = Confusing

Beloved by Toni Morrison is very, very confusing. I’m sure this issue isn’t just for me, but the thousands of others who have read or are currently reading this book.  And for those who haven’t, if you want to put yourself through a lot of trouble and confusion, be my guest and read it.

The complexity of the story may seem off-putting at first, but after analyzing just the first two chapters, there is a meaning to the madness of Beloved.

The story is set throughout the 19th century, but more specifically, 1873. Morrison has an amazing way of telling where her story takes place, and it begins with a timeline. When you piece together different events, the story becomes a lot clearer, but while reading, you are stuck with back-and-forth narratives and flashbacks. It seems like complete chaos, for example, during the second chapter, there is interaction between Paul D and Sethe, but in comes a third person, Sixto. Sixto isn’t there, but Paul and Sethe are. They continue to switch perspectives, which confused the hell out of me at first. But then the story goes to Sixto, who isn’t there, but is. This is because Paul D is having a flashback with Sixto (25-26). That summarization is confusing, but so was the story. Looking back on it, it provided a complexity to the story only Morrison could create. Everything worked in tandem with each other and there was a pattern.

As I continue to read Beloved I will piece together more and more, but for now, that marvelous piece of writing compelled me to express my thoughts. This book is confusing, but the reward for understanding it makes my troubles worth it.

Maria, Nadia, and Independence

Finishing “Trust” by Hal Hartley and “Exit West” by Mohsin Hamid as a seventeen year old girl applying for college, I am learning what it means to be an independent woman through the different experiences of both Maria and Nadia.

By the end of both stories, Nadia and Maria both dedicate themselves to independence, from men, from children, and from family. Yet, in Nadia’s situation, it is somewhat unclear whether or not her new girlfriend replaces Saheed in her life. Nadia seems to be trying to adapt to change and stay true to herself while Maria is trying to adapt to change and become a better, more focused person because of it. This is because Nadia is not the reason for the difficult change, and Maria is (or at least feels like she is) the reason.

In terms of relationships, both of their paths are inspiring to me in different ways. Maria’s path is inspiring because I believe there is always something to learn about yourself when your relationship does not work out. Maria also seems to see marriage as incompatible with independence and growth. However, Nadia has a more sustainable outlook on love. On page 218 when she meets the cook, she doesn’t see finding a new girlfriend as harmful to her independence, she can keep the two at the same time (or so we assume). This, then, is the most inspiring in the long term. It is the difference between being naturally dependent (Maria) and naturally independent (Nadia). As someone who is not naturally independent, I believe that it’s in some ways necessary to have Maria’s outlook before Nadia’s can be adopted. Overall, they both inspire me to choose a college fully based on my own growth, and live my life centered around my own independence.

 

The Topic of Immigration in Exit West

The novel Exit West by Mohsin Hamid explores the theme of immigration throughout the story. The main characters, Saeed and Nadia, are forced to leave their home when the war completely takes over their city. Hamid uses their departure from the place they’ve lived in their entire lives to show how difficult it can be to let go of the place you come from. Hamid also uses magical doors as a symbol for migration, representing how people move in search of safety and opportunity. The magical doors also make immigration feel universal, changing the way the reader imagines who immigrants are by showing how people everywhere share the same desire for a better life.

Hamid also shows how immigration changes people physically and emotionally, by having Saeed and Nadia face challenges that test their relationship and sense of self. The book works to encourage readers to view immigrants as individuals with dreams and fears instead of simply foreigners, and it challenges readers to instead judge immigrants not based on their journey, but based on who they were before they left and who they are now.

Effect of migration in Exit West

In Exit West, Mohsin Hamid shows us that Migration is not just traveling from one place to another, but also an emotional experience. The books depict the experiences of Saeed and Nadia as they leave their homes due to the violence of war. People in the novel can travel through mysterious doors that lead to new countries, mostly privileged countries. The doors symbolize modern migration, illustrating that crossing a border marks the beginning of change. Although the door makes the people feel safe, it doesn’t take away the fear fully away and the struggle to get comfortable with your family is also a struggle to adjust. Mohsin Hamid used the doors to show that migration is not just about leaving a place, but also changing some of your identity to fit into a new culture or environment. For example, in a out current day, many immigrants have to learn a lot to fit into this country, for example, learning English, which is hard to learn, especially if you have just come into the country as an adult.

Hamid also questions the idea that migration is uncommon or temporary. Instead, he sees migration as a big part of human life, where it shows diversity, opportunity, and hope for those who need it for a better quality of life. A big example of this is immigrants who come from different countries, because they do not feel safe and are coming here for a better life. As Saeed and Nadia move from one place to another, their relationship shifts from being really close with each other to being distant, showing changes that migration can cause. The novels show us that change is inevitable in a changing world. Through the novel, Hamid explains to us that in reality, we are all migrants, seeking a better future.

Magic in the Real World

When I was first reading Exit West, the magical doors felt out of place because they appeared in a world that is otherwise very realistic, closely resembling our own. Hamid also doesn’t explain their existence, simply stating that they started to appear randomly. As the novel is set in modern times, filled with familiar cities, technology, and political conflicts that feel tangible, the doors seem out of place in the story’s world.
However, I believe Hamid did this intentionally. The doors serve as a powerful symbol, representing migration and the human desire to escape danger happening in their homes. While the doors themselves could be a part of a fantasy book, people’s reactions—ranging from fear and confusion to hope—feel incredibly real. Since the rest of the narrative addresses serious issues like war and displacement, the doors are meant to highlight these themes rather than seamlessly fit into a fantasy setting.

Resurgence Routes

In Exit West by Mohsin Hamid, passing through the magic doors is depicted as a rebirth for migrants. It presents a complex view on the migrant journey: Rather than just a shift in location, there is also a shift in one’s identity during the process. For example, the journey through the doors was described as wet and tiring. This showed similarities to birth physically, however, it also presents more than just a literal rebirth. When leaving your country and homeland behind, you are forced to leave parts of you as well. Your identity is forced to morph. While you hold on to key parts of your past life, you also have to let some go. Being in a new location comes with assimilation in some form. Whether this is mixing cultures or accepting a new way of life these are super common when moving countries. Saeed and Nadia are faced with these choices following their passing through doors; every single time. While its sad, it also presents new opportunity, such as that of a newborn baby who has the whole world to shape for themselves. While rebirth can be daunting, Hamid portrays it as a milestone in every migrant’s journey.

Why ‘Our Kind’ Is Arbitrary in Exit West

In chapter 8 of Exit West by Mohsin Hamid, Saeed and Nadia are in London, in a quarter of London overflowing with migrant populations from all across the world. Yet, even as cultures mix, they begin to separate as if oil and water, and houses start to become full of people from the same walks of life instead of being the diverse temporary homes they were before. Saeed feels ostracized and alone as the house he and Nadia are staying in becomes predominantly Nigerian, and begins spending more and more time at a house down the street full of people from his own country. He wants to move in, where he would feel welcome and safe. On page 153, when he suggests this to Nadia, she doesn’t react how he expected:

 

“Why would we want to move?” she said.

“To be among our own kind.”

“What makes them our kind?”

“They’re from our country.”

“From the country we used to be from.”

“Yes.” Saeed tried not to sound annoyed.

“We’ve left that place.”

“That doesn’t mean we have no connection.”

“They’re not like me.”

“You haven’t met them.”

 

For me, this is a pivotal point in the novel that highlights the fundamental theme of the novel; that borders hardly matter in a world where people aren’t forced to stay by circumstance. ‘Our kind’ is an attempt to forge connections amongst strangers for a sense of safety, but it’s hard to maintain in such a new world when others intend to move on. 

There are countless scenes that illustrate this throughout the book, but chapter 8 is full of them. One is Nadia’s relationship with the council of Nigerian elders from the row of predominantly-Nigerian houses. (pg. 147-148) The people of those three houses are only nominally ‘Nigerian,’ as many come from families split across arbitrary borders or from entirely different villages who even speak separate languages. They have found ‘their kind,’ but it’s a loose definition, and soon, with Nadia, they embrace her as one of them and ‘our kind’ immediately becomes void in favor of forging new connections in the diverse world beyond the doors.

Even Saeed, later on, comes to realize this. While he feels a connection to the preacher’s daughter, whose mother was from his country, he builds a community between himself and the others in his cooperative, who were not. As settlements are established, people seek out ‘their kind’ less and less, until society is truly diverse all across the world. 

It’s an incredible message, and Hamid’s writing paints a picture of how the world could be without borders.

Why Exit West Rambles

Mohsin Hamid’s novel, Exit West, utilizes a special narration style that is very unique to the novel, and it accomplishes a lot in terms of telling the story. Hamid’s sentences tend to ramble on for much longer than they traditionally would, lending itself to paragraphs and sometimes even pages that are entirely one sentence. These long sentences manage to contribute many different moods despite their similar structures.

One instance of this is on page 122, the second paragraph. It reads “They waited for a while but knew they could not stay in this hotel room forever…” then it continues on until the sentence concludes which “…they were in a house of some kind, surely a palace, with rooms upon rooms and marvels upon marvels, and taps that gushed water that was like spring water and was white with bubbles and felt soft, yes soft, to the touch.” This sentence, in contrast to the other example, reads very smoothly, gently, as though the sentence is the water described in it. It displays a feeling of peace and calm as well as admiration and awe. Even though this sentence is structured nearly identically to many others in the story, it conveys vast emotion on its own.

While most of the time, this serves the narrative in terms of managing to display a set of complex themes, it also distinguishes Hamid’s writing from the crowd. While these sentences can sometimes be quite the hassle to read, leaving any speaker out of breath and any reader winded, Exit West requires unique prose to tell the story effectively and thematically.

One key example of this is on page 74, where the long sentences serves to both elaborate on an emotion and also reveal a theme of the story. The sentence begins at the bottom of the page: “But part of her still resisted the idea of moving in with him…and also finding the idea of living as a chaste half-lover, half-sister to Saeed in close proximity with his parents rather bizarre, and she might have waited much longer had Saeed’s mother not been killed…stayed with them that night to offer what comfort and help she could and did not spend another night in her own apartment again.”

The interruption in the middle of the sentence, regarding Saeed’s mother’s death, shocks the reader just as if a loved one was killed in their own life: suddenly and without preface, interrupting their own thoughts about their life and way of being. It is in this way that Hamid manages to make the reader feel the same kind of grief as Nadia: missing someone important to characters in her life that she cares about despite having never known her, because all at once, Saeed’s mother is gone from the world.

A similar example that is less emotionally devastating is towards the end of the novel on page 230. While the sentence is shorter than the previous example it still manages to convey a great deal about the story: “Their conversation navigated two lives, with vital details highlighted and excluded, and it was also a dance, for they were former lovers….imagine how different it would be if I had agreed to have sex with you, and Nadia said we were having sex, and Saeed considered and smiled and said yes I suppose we were.”

In the ambling curves of this sentence, the reader can sense both the time that has passed and the fondness that still lingers between them. There is a bittersweetness in the words that is displayed by the long sentence, and it fills the reader with the same grief and joy that Nadia and Saeed are feeling in seeing each other again after all this time separated from each other.

It is in this way that Exit West requires its unique prose, especially when expertly wielded by an author like Hamid. Without these long, seemingly run-on sentences, Exit West would not have the same impact, and the deep humanity of the emotional writing as well as its complex, varied themes would be buried under more simple language, which would distract from the beauty and meaning of the story.

Trust and Connection in Trust – Hal Hartley

Hal Hartley’s Trust tells the story of two unlikely people, Maria and Matthew, who find a connection in a world that constantly lets them down. Maria, a pregnant teenager, and Matthew, a socially awkward repairman, both struggle with family issues and emotional isolation. What’s interesting is how their relationship develops not out of romantic attraction, but from a shared need to be understood. Hartley uses dry humor and deadpan dialogue to show how hard it is for people to truly communicate their feelings. Even when the characters seem distant or emotionless, their small gestures, like fixing a broken TV together or simply sitting in silence, show their growing trust. The film’s “big idea” is that real trust is built on honesty and acceptance, not perfection. Both Maria and Matthew are deeply flawed, but that’s what makes their connection feel authentic. This theme still connects to today’s culture, where people often hide behind social media instead of forming real relationships. Trust reminds us that genuine human connection can still exist, even in a world that feels disconnected and cold.

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