While reading King Lear by William Shakespeare, it is hard to miss the many instances of characters betraying their family members throughout the play. One instance of this is Edmund’s betrayal of his father and brother. Edmund betrays them because he feels it is unfair that his brother is his father’s heir and because his father constantly brushes him off and pushes him to the side because Edmund was born a bastard, something completely out of his control. Another example of familial betrayal is Goneril and Regan’s betrayal of their father in hopes of securing his land and power by dethroning him. This motif of family betrayal is not some meaningless choice Shakespeare puts in this play for no reason, but rather a way to highlight a key theme to his audience. The question is, what exactly is he getting at?
One of the reasons Shakespeare includes this aspect in his play is to show the destructive power of ambition and greed. Whether aware or not, the main characters who betray their family members—such as Regan, Goneril, and Edmund—do it for one reason, and one reason only: power and status. Even though they have moral responsibilities to be good and to respect their family, they disregard them in hopes of personal gain.
Another reason that familial betrayal is so prevalent is to highlight the fragility of trust and loyalty. Adding on to the previous paragraph, the betrayals committed by these characters show how easily tight bonds, formed by a lifetime of relationships—or so thought by Lear, Edgar, and Gloucester—can be overridden in a matter of moments.
Finally, the most important reason, in my opinion, that this theme is included is to show that family is not a societal construct, but rather an innate bond that, when broken, causes serious consequences. This is shown through the downfall of the kingdom. As soon as Edmund puts his plan to turn Edgar and Gloucester against each other into action, and when Goneril and Regan put on their big show to secure their father’s land, the kingdom breaks down in various ways, such as Kent and Edgar’s exile, Lear falling into madness, and the civil war between Albany and Cornwall ready to take place.